Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric condition of unknown cause. It consists in the occurrence of motor and vocal tics. Additionally, some psychiatric comorbidities, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety disorder or autoaggression, can coexist with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. In historical studies dedicated to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, it was suggested that this disease occurred more frequently in talented individuals. This corresponds with speculations about other neuropsychiatric abnormalities, especially autistic spectrum disorders, epilepsy or personality disorders, being associated with outstanding performance in some areas of life. Numerous famous and talented individuals were influenced by their medical conditions, for example: Fyodor Dostoevsky is claimed to have suffered from epilepsy or psychogenic seizures, Robert Schumann is suspected to have had bipolar disorder, while Russian avant-garde composer and pianist Alexander Scriabin or pianist Clara Wieck-Schumann suffered from chronic pain which probably influenced their play. All of these diseases seem to have had a profound influence on the artistic experience of these individuals. Although the hypothesis about the influence of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome on the process of creativity and development of superb mental or performative qualities was later rejected, it seems that some famous and unique individuals could suffer from Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Some of the well-known examples include: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Samuel Johnson, Tim Howard or Peter the Great. Moreover, some celebrities, such as Kurt Cobain, were diagnosed with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Today, those speculations have been re-analysed, and it seems that in some cases the diagnosis of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome was not correct, and no direct influence between creativity, talent and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome could be detected. This article comprises reports on talents and creativity in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and describes biographical facts that indicate a relationship between this syndrome and outstanding performance.